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Respect for Precedent?

Linda Greenhouse asks what became of the "respect for precedent" that both Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito paid homage to during their confirmation hearings.

Both Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. and Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. assured their Senate questioners at their confirmation hearings that they, too, respected precedent. So why were they on the majority side of a 5-to-4 decision last week declaring that a 45-year-old doctrine excusing people whose “unique circumstances” prevented them from meeting court filing deadlines was now “illegitimate”? It was the second time the Roberts court had overturned a precedent, and the first in a decision with a divided vote. ...

Sometimes the court overrules cases without actually saying so. Some argue that this is what happened in April, when a 5-to-4 majority upheld the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act without making much effort to reconcile that ruling with a decision in 2000 that found a nearly identical Nebraska law unconstitutional.

All judges respect the precedents they like. Many judges are cautious about overruling precedents that have been widely accepted and implemented by lower courts. But precedents that a judge finds suspect, that aren't consistent with a shared (if not widespread) judicial philosophy to which the judge adheres, enjoy less respect, confirmation hearing promises notwithstanding.

What does this portend? Greenhouse takes a guess ...

As to which precedents will fall next, there are several plausible candidates as the court enters the final days of its term, including the 2003 decision that upheld advertising restrictions in the McCain-Feingold campaign finance law; a 1968 decision that let taxpayers go to federal court to challenge government policies as violating the separation of church and state; and an antitrust price-fixing case from 1911.
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  • When do the "precedents" (5.00 / 1) (#2)
    by Edger on Thu Jun 21, 2007 at 09:18:50 AM EST
    established by the existence of the Constitution become subject to the whim of judges like Roberts and Alito? And "precedents" establishing what is unconstitutional about ignoring the Constitution?

    Or have I missed something in the past six years? ;-)

    eternal vigilance (none / 0) (#1)
    by Sumner on Thu Jun 21, 2007 at 09:11:34 AM EST
    Efforts to ease closed, the courthouse doors, are nothing bew. Remember former Chief Justice William Rehnquist's infamous "one bite of the apple", so as to lighten the courts' workload?

    What, me worry? (none / 0) (#3)
    by Sumner on Thu Jun 21, 2007 at 10:01:37 AM EST
    Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?

    Are You Smarter than a Supreme Court Chief Justice?

    It's Not So Simple (none / 0) (#4)
    by txpublicdefender on Thu Jun 21, 2007 at 01:10:36 PM EST
    I don't think anyone wants a Supreme Court that will never overrule precedent.  Brown v. Board overruled Plessy, and Lawrence overruled Bowers v. Hardwick (homosexual conduct as a crime), just to name a couple precedent busters I'm happy about.  The important question, I think, is what criteria a court uses when it chooses to overrule a precedent.  Should new science or research be important?  Should a long-established precedent be harder to overturn than a recent one?  It doesn't really make sense for a justice who voted (in dissent) to uphold the last partial-birth abortion bill a few years ago to now vote to strike the latest one down, just because he lost the last case.  Wouldn't that make him a particularly bad type of "flip-flopper?"  I appreciated O'Connor's discussion of stare decisis in Casey because she talked about people being able to rely on long-standing precedent and how that needs to be considered before you just overrule something.  Honestly, Rhenquist seemed to agree with her on that point when he authored the decision to uphold Miranda against a federal statute, when he had previously opined that it was not constitutionally mandated, but merely prophylactic.

    It's an interesting and complex discussion, and one that I wouldn't expect any future Supreme Court nominee to be very honest about.  Sadly.

    Is anyone surprised? (none / 0) (#5)
    by Yes2Truth on Thu Jun 21, 2007 at 05:05:26 PM EST

    Neither Ms. Greenhouse nor anyone else (thus far) has expressed surprise that right-wing justices make decisions based on what is most likely to protect and advance the interests of the powerful and elite.